Abstract Total triterpenoids from Antrodia cinnamomea fermentation mycelium (TT-ACFM) were prepared, and their in vitro inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma were investigated. Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were incubated with TT-ACFM with concentration of 0 (control), 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively. The proliferation of cell was detected using CCK-8 method. The apoptosis of cells was detected by flow cytometry. The migration and invasion of cells was determined using Transwell chamber. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was determined using DCFH-DA method. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinse-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinse-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein in cells were detected by western blot assays. Results indicate that, TT-ACFM can not only inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and promote their apoptosis, but also inhibit their invasion and invasion. The mechanism may be related to its increase of ROS and down-regulation of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF expression in cells.

Abstract In this study, the total triterpenoids of raspberry fruit (TTRF) were prepared, and their effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were investigated. SMMC-7721 cells were treated with TTRF with concentration of 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL, respectively. The cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis were detected. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X (Bax) in cells were determined. Results showed that, TTRF could obviously inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells, arrest most cells in S and G2/M phases, and promote their apoptosis. In addition, TTRF could increase the ROS level, down-regulate the Bcl-2 protein expression and up-regulate the Bax protein expression in cells. In conclusion, cucurbitacin I has inhibitory effect on growth of SMMC-7721cells. The action mechanism may be related to its increasing ROS level and regulating of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in cells.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the main components of ethyl acetate extract of Chimonanthus salicifolius (EAECS) and investigate its effect on intestinal mucositis in mice induced by 5-fluorouracil. EAECS was prepared, and its main components were analyzed. Fifty mice were randomly divided into control, model and 3, 6 and 9 g/kg EAECS groups. The latter three groups were intragastrically administrated with 3, 6 and 9 g/kg EAECS for 7 days, respectively. The intestinal mucositis model was established in latter four groups from the 1st to 7th day of administration. Results showed that, the main components in EAECS were rutin, scopolamine, isofraxidin, scoparone, quercetin and kaempferol. After administration, compared with model group, in 9 g/kg EAECS group the body weight was increased; the serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 levels were decreased, and the interleukin 10 level was increased; the intestinal tissue superoxide dismutase level was increased, and the malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels wer decreased; the liver tissue TNF-α level was significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, EAECS has rich flavonoids and coumarins. It can alleviate the intestinal mucositis in mice induced by 5-FU. The mechanism may be related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Abstract Crude polysaccharides of Lentinus edodes were extracted using homogenate method. Factors affecting the yield of crude polysaccharides were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology. The homogenate extraction method was compared with traditional heating extraction method. The antioxidant activity of crude polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes was evaluated. Results showed that, the optimal conditions of homogenate extraction were as follows: solvent pH, 10; liquid-solid ratio, 30: 1 (mL: g), extraction time, 66 s; number of extraction, 1. Under these conditions, the yield of crude polysaccharides was (13.2 ± 0.9)%, which was 29.82% higher than that of traditional heating extraction. Crude polysaccharides of Lentinus edodes had good DPPH scavenging activity. Compared with the traditional heating extraction, the homogenate extraction had notable advantages including good extraction yield, short extraction time and low extraction temperature. It is an efficient way to extract crude polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes.